Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is a procedure that allows a doctor to examine a patient's urethra and bladder directly through a small telescope like tube.

IVP (Intravenous Pyelogram)
IVP is an x-ray of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra). It involves the injection of a special substance called contrast that is filtered by the kidneys and helps visualize the urinary tract.

KUB
A KUB (kidneys, ureter, and bladder) is a standard x-ray that will show many stones.

Urinalysis
Urinalysis examines a urine specimen for infection, blood, or other abnormality.

Urine Culture and Sensitivity
Urine culture and sensitivity shows if the urine is infected and determines the specific bacteria as well as the appropriate antibiotic for treatment.

Urine Cytology
Urine cytology evaluates the urine for cancer cells.

Urodynamic Testing
Urodynamic testing examines bladder and sphincter function. It involves putting a small tube in the bladder and asking the patient questions while slowly filling up the bladder and measuring pressure. X-rays are used to see the bladder (a cystogram).